非平稳条件下基于贝叶斯网络的内涝风险评估和管理方法

受非平稳条件因素(如气候变化、城市化)的影响,近几年内涝灾害频发。以Z市某地块为研究区域,借助地理信息系统(ArcGIS)和暴雨雨洪管理模型(SWMM)实现研究区排水管网的水动力模拟。在不同降雨情境下,比较分析现状系统及不同改造方案下的系统溢流量等信息,计算内涝风险指数。采用贝叶斯网络分析工具(Bayes Server)对引发内涝风险的主要因素进行推理、识别和分析,进而构建内涝风险评估模型。该模型便于决策者根据设计需求,结合各因素的不确定性范围和发生概率值,综合选取最适合的改造措施,优化市政排水防涝规划,为市政基础设施建设提供了依据。     

Economic effects of regulating the seismic strengthening of older buildings

The marked increase in the awareness of earthquake risk following the Canterbury earthquakes in New Zealand offered a unique opportunity to investigate the economic effect of disaster-mitigation regulations on the commercial building stock. A difference-in-differences (DD) framework was used to determine whether earthquake risk has been capitalized into the property prices of buildings constructed prior to 1976, as a response to the national policy requiring assessment and strengthening (or demolition) of the existing earthquake-prone building stock. A negative externality is found in the policy announcement on affected (pre-1970s) office and retail buildings which caused office buildings to suffer a 12.5% stigma discount. However, retail properties were less impacted suffering a 2.3% stigma loss. The value of the commercial building stock has been affected by the policy. These findings provide policy-makers with timely evidence as to the economic effects of New Zealand’s earthquake-prone buildings policy. Facing losses in property value and financial responsibility for retrofitting their assets, building owners will be looking for a workable set of regulatory and non-regulatory incentives to encourage disaster risk management and protect the built environment.     

Test sample allocation method for testability verification test

An extended failure mode effect and criticality analysis (FMECA)-based sample allocation method for testability verification is presented in this study to deal with the poor representativeness of test sample sets and the randomness of the testability evaluation results caused by unreasonable selection of failure samples. First, the fault propagation intensity is introduced as part of the extended information of FMECA, and the sample allocation impact factors of component units and failure modes are determined under this framework. Then, the failure mode similarity and impact factor support are defined, and the game decision method for weighing the relationship between similarity and support is proposed to obtain the weight of failure mode impact factor. Finally, a two-step allocation framework of test samples is formulated to realize the sample allocation of component units and failure modes. This method is applied to the testability verification test of a launch control system. Results show that this method can obtain more representative test samples compared with the traditional sample allocation method while effectively reducing randomness of single testability evaluation result.     

Structural and physicochemical properties of silver-rich Ag–Al alloys

The X-ray diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Differential Scanning Calorimetry, dilatometric and electrical conductivity measurements were used to study the structural and physicochemical properties of selected silver-rich alloys from Ag–Al system. All the studied alloys, containing from 10 to 37 at. % of Al (Ag₉₀Al₁₀, Ag₈₅Al₁₅, Ag₇₇Al₂₃, Ag₇₅Al₂₅, Ag₇₂Al₂₈, Ag₇₀Al₃₀, Ag₆₃Al₃₇), were prepared from high purity metals by melting in a glove-box filled with a high purity argon atmosphere. The obtained X-ray diffraction patterns and microstructure observation of alloys containing up to 15 at. % of Al suggested that in this range only solid solution of silver exists. The thermal analysis showed heat effects related to phase transitions in Ag–Al system. In addition, the thermal expansion studies revealed an anomalous behavior in expansion for some composition of alloys associated with the phase transition. The electrical conductivity values rapidly changed, which may be associated with the formation of different phase areas in the Ag–Al system.Based on the results obtained in this work and critically reviewed literature data a thermodynamic re-optimization of the binary Ag–Al system using CALPHAD method was proposed. A good agreement between calculation and experiment was found.     

大口径光学元件装夹转运结构设计及分析

为了实现大口径光学元件的安全装夹、转运,通过光学元件开槽与不开槽两种装夹方式的分析,得出开槽夹紧转运方式将带来微裂纹、应力集中、成本高等缺陷,提出了利用摩擦力克服光学零件的重力和惯性力的低应力装夹转运方案。通过对光学元件低应力夹紧结构设计,并利用有限元分析方法,得到不开槽装夹方式下,光学元件的最大主应力为1.11 MPa,最大切应力为0.73 MPa,远低于光学元件破坏的强度极限,且受力均匀,无应力集中现象。     

埋地管道腐蚀防护--防腐层与阴极保护存在的问题分析

在埋地管道研究工作中,关于其腐蚀的防护一直是研究的焦点问题,但现阶段常用的防护手段多为防腐层与阴极防护。为此,在文中主要对二者的保护措施展开了相应地阐述,并重点分析了2种保护手段存在的问题,旨在为后续的管道防腐研究提供相应的参考。     

红色红曲菌组蛋白去乙酰化酶MrSir2的原核表达及活性分析

根据基因组序列信息,利用cDNA末端快速扩增技术(rapid-amplification of cDNA ends,RACE)得到了红色红曲菌中组蛋白去乙酰化酶mrsir2基因的完整cDNA序列,其编码序列(coding sequence,CDS)为1539 bp,编码512个氨基酸,含有一个SIR2蛋白保守结构域。根据大肠杆菌的密码子的偏好性对mrsir2序列进行优化,优化后的序列与p ET-28b载体连接后转入宿主菌E.coli BL21中进行IPTG诱导表达,并优化表达条件。实验结果表明:在16℃条件下用终浓度为0.25 mM的IPTG诱导培养16 h后,目的蛋白Mr Sir2可溶性表达效果良好。Ni2+柱亲和层析纯化后的Mr Sir2重组蛋白在SDS-PAGE上显示为一条约75 ku大小的条带,蛋白定量浓度达1.97 mg/mL,经Western blot鉴定为目的蛋白,测定酶活为78.5(OD/min/mg),780μM的二氢香豆素(dihydrocoumarin,DHC)对Mr Sir2蛋白的酶活抑制率为47%。Mr Sir2蛋白的可溶性表达为全面了解其酶学特征提供了材料,也为体外分析蛋白相互作用奠定了基础。     

Bacteriophages vB_Sen-TO17 and vB_Sen-E22, Newly Isolated Viruses from Chicken Feces,Specific for Several Salmonella enterica Strains

Two newly discovered bacteriophages, isolated from chicken feces and infecting Salmonella enterica strains, are described in this report. These phages have been named vB_Sen-TO17 and vB_Sen-E22, and we present their molecular and functional characterization. Both studied viruses are able to infect several S. enterica strains and develop lytically, but their specific host ranges differ significantly. Electron microscopic analyses of virions have been performed, and full genome sequences were determined and characterized, along with molecular phylogenetic studies. Genomes of vB_Sen-TO17 (ds DNA of 41,658 bp) and vB_Sen-E22 (dsDNA of 108,987 bp) are devoid of homologs of any known or putative gene coding for toxins or any other proteins potentially deleterious for eukaryotic cells. Both phages adsorbed efficiently (>95% adsorbed virions) within 10 min at 42 °C (resembling chicken body temperature) on cells of most tested host strains. Kinetics of lytic development of vB_Sen-TO17 and vB_Sen-E22, determined in one-step growth experiments, indicated that development is complete within 30–40 min at 42 °C, whereas burst sizes vary from 9 to 79 progeny phages per cell for vB_Sen-TO17 and from 18 to 64 for vB_Sen-E22, depending on the host strain. Virions of both phages were relatively stable (from several percent to almost 100% survivability) under various conditions, including acidic and alkaline pH values (from 3 to 12), temperatures from −80 °C to 60 °C, 70% ethanol, chloroform, and 10% DMSO. These characteristics of vB_Sen-TO17 and vB_Sen-E22 indicate that these phages might be considered in further studies on phage therapy, particularly in attempts to eliminate S. enterica from chicken intestine.     

再加工工艺对N18锆合金板残余应力的影响

采用“热轧+冷轧+退火”工艺对N18锆合金板进行再加工,通过X射线法分析板的表面残余应力,采用EBSD技术分析晶界取向差角分布和大小角度晶界。结果表明,热轧后N18锆合金板的表面残余应力呈现无规律分布状态;冷轧后板的表面残余应力均为压应力,其大小随着冷轧变形量的增加而增加;退火后板的表面残余应力值处于较低水平,当退火制度为500 ℃×2 h时,残余应力处于最低水平;退火后,板的微观结构以小角度晶界为主,且随着退火温度的升高,小角度晶界的密度先增加后趋于稳定。